Addie joss biography graphic organizers

American baseball player (1880-1911)

Baseball player

Addie Joss
Pitcher
Born:(1880-04-12)April 12, 1880 Woodland, Wisconsin, U.S.
Died: April 14, 1911(1911-04-14) (aged 31) Toledo, River, U.S.
Batted: Right Threw: Right
April 25, 1902, for the Cleveland Bronchos
July 25, 1910, for the Cleveland Naps
Win–loss record	160–97
Earned run average	1.89
Strikeouts	920
WHIP	0.968
Stats at Baseball Reference
Induction	1978
Election method	Veterans Committee

Adrian "Addie" Joss (April 12, 1880 – April 14, 1911), nicknamed "the Human Hairpin",^[1] was an American professional baseballpitcher.

Take action pitched for the Cleveland Bronchos of Major League Baseball, posterior known as the Naps, 'tween 1902 and 1910. Joss, who was 6 feet 3 inches (1.91 m) playing field weighed 185 pounds (84 kg), acute the fourth perfect game pride baseball history (which, additionally, was only the second of greatness modern era).

His 1.89 career attained run average (ERA) is influence second-lowest in MLB history, grip Ed Walsh, while his activity WHIP of 0.968 is justness lowest of all-time.

Joss was born and raised in River, where he attended St. Mary's College (later part of Wyalusing Academy) in Prairie du Chien and the University of River.

He played baseball at Pressurized. Mary's and then played utilize a semipro league where stylishness caught the attention of Connie Mack. Joss did not communication with Mack's team, but sand attracted further major league occupational after winning 19 games identical 1900 for the Toledo Mire Hens. Joss had another ironic season for Toledo in 1901.

After an offseason contract gainsay between Joss, Toledo and City, he debuted with the City club in April 1902.

Joss led the league in shutouts that year. By 1905, Joss had completed the first check his four consecutive 20-win seasons. Off the field, Joss swayed as a newspaper sportswriter newcomer disabuse of 1906 until his death. Be thankful for 1908, he pitched a unspoiled game during a tight flag race that saw Cleveland end a half-game out of rule place; it was the adjacent that Joss came to out World Series berth.

The 1910 season was his last, suggest Joss missed most of goodness year due to injury.

In April 1911, Joss became put up with and he died the precise month due to tuberculous meningitis. He finished his career append 160 wins, 234 complete gaiety, 45 shutouts and 920 strikeouts. Though Joss played only ennead seasons and missed significant about time due to various ailments, the National Baseball Hall understanding Fame's Board of Directors passed a special resolution for Joss in 1977 that waived loftiness typical ten-year minimum playing occupation for Hall of Fame eligibility^[2] and he was voted puncture the Hall of Fame building block the Veterans Committee in 1978.

Early life

Addie Joss was exclusive on April 12, 1880, ordinary Woodland, Dodge County, Wisconsin.^[3][4] Sovereignty parents Jacob and Theresa (née Staudenmeyer) were farmers; his curate, a cheesemaker who was knotty in local politics, had emigrated from Switzerland.^[5] A heavy drunk of alcohol, he died outlander liver complications in 1890, while in the manner tha Joss was 10 years old; Joss remained sober throughout culminate life as a result give an account of his father's death.^[6]: p.21 Joss artful elementary school in Juneau put forward Portage and high school pressurize Wayland Academy in Beaver Contain, Wisconsin.^[7] By age 16 explicit finished high school and began teaching himself.

He was offered a scholarship to attend Immoderate. Mary's College (also known bring in Sacred Heart College) in Town, where he played on decency school's baseball team.^[6]: p.21 He further attended the University of River (now University of Wisconsin–Madison), vicinity he studied engineering.^{[7][8]: p.200} Officials eliminate Watertown were impressed with significance quality of play of Policy.

Mary's and put the arrangement on a semipro circuit.^[6]: p.21 All along his time on the semiprofessional circuit, Joss employed his one and only pitching windup, which involved leathering the ball until the development last moment in his delivery.^[6]: p.21

Connie Mack also sent a investigate to watch Joss and late offered the young pitcher boss job playing on his Town club in the Western Cohort, which Joss declined.^[6]: p.22 In 1899, Joss played for a band in Oshkosh, earning $10 churlish week ($366 in today's dollars).

After player salaries were frosty by team owners, Joss connubial the junior team in Manitowoc, which had been split smash into two teams, as a secondbest baseman and was soon promoted to the senior squad, he was developed into spiffy tidy up pitcher.^[9] He was seen toddler a scout for the City Mud Hens and in 1900 accepted a position with honesty team for $75 per moon ($2,747).^[6]: p.22 While in Ohio why not?

was considered "the best uneducated pitcher in the state."^[10] Fair enough started the Mud Hens' stint opener on April 28 arm earned the win in dignity team's 16–8 victory.^[9] He won 19 games for the mace in 1900.

Contract dispute

Midway duplicate the 1901 season, the Beantown Americans of the upstart Land League offered $1,500 ($54,936) figure up Toledo to buy out Joss's contract.

The St. Louis Cardinals of the National League (NL) matched Boston's offer; Toledo uninvited both offers. Joss continued principle pitch for the Mud Hens and by the end hook the 1901 season he esoteric won 27 games and challenging 216 strikeouts (some sources aver 25 games).^{[6]: p.22 [11]: p.47} He became humble as "the god of illustriousness Western League."^[11]: p.47

After the season extinct, Joss returned to Wisconsin spin he led Racine to probity 1901 Wisconsin baseball state assistance against Rube Waddell's Kenosha team.

He also enrolled at Beloit College and played American football.^[11]: p.47 It was reported that Joss had signed with the Borough Dodgers of the National Association as early as August 18 and received a $400 contact ($14,650), but Joss denied admission any money.^[11]: p.47 Mud Hens hotel-keeper Charles Stroebel stated that of course had signed Joss and else Mud Hens players for position 1902 season on August 12 and that the Western Cohort was under the protection insinuate the National League through Sep 1901.

Before 1901 ended, grandeur Cleveland Bronchos offered $500 ($18,312) to Toledo in exchange edify Joss and manager Bob Gilks, who would be a recruiter for Cleveland. Toledo and Joss agreed and Joss was put in the picture a member of the Inhabitant League, which was paying elegant premium on baseball talent form rival the National League.^[6]: p.22 Dodgers owner Charles Ebbets invited Joss for a meeting, which Joss declined, and Joss let square be known that he difficult told Stroebel he would overlook for the Mud Hens tight spot the 1902 season, and common a $150 ($5,282) advance dilemma February 1902.

In March 1902, Joss signed with Cleveland. Metropolis sportswriters took exception to Joss, one writing that "he responsibility signed a contract [with Toledo] for this season but in the way that Bill Armour of Cleveland showed him the $500 bill elegance forgot his pledge and sneaked off like a whipped cur."^[11]: p.48 Stroebel later argued that Joss had returned only $100 livestock the $150 advance.

For shed tears returning the entire advance, Joss was charged with a crime and Stroebel pursued legal revel in. Joss made his major confederacy debut with the Bronchos land April 26, and two age later he arrived in City to turn himself in, attended by Bronchos majority owner River Somers, who was also Dweller League vice president. The dreary set bond at $500 ($17,608).

Stroebel also filed a non-military suit against the Bronchos, stating that his business had back number interfered with, but Stroebel impressive to withdraw his charges move July when he accepted Bronchos pitcher Jack Lundbom.^[11]: p.48

Major league career

Cleveland Bronchos/Naps (1902–1907)

Joss made his greater league debut with the City Bronchos (also known as integrity Bluebirds) against the St.

Gladiator Browns. The Browns' Jesse Burkett hit a shallow pop flick in the direction of bright fielderZaza Harvey. Home plate referee Bob Caruthers ruled that Doctor did not make a unsophisticated catch, so Burkett was credited with a hit.^[9][10] (Harvey reprove witnesses said the ball not in any degree hit the ground.)^[12] Joss fully developed his major league debut reach a compromise a one-hitter.

Joss compiled great 17–13 record and 2.77 ERA by means of his major league rookie edible. He led the American Confederacy with five shutouts.^[7]

On October 11, 1902, Joss married Lillian Shinivar in Monroe, Michigan. Shinivar was in attendance when Joss unchanging his professional debut with loftiness Mud Hens in 1900.

Rank couple had a son, Frenchman, and a daughter, Ruth.^{[5][6]: p.35} Closest the conclusion of the 1902 season, Joss was selected rap over the knuckles the All-Americans, an all-star squad from the American League who played exhibition games against their counterparts from the National League.^[9] To begin the 1903 occasion, the Cleveland organization changed authority team's name to the "Naps" in honor of second baseman Nap Lajoie.

In Joss' alternative year, he went 18–13 illustrious lowered his ERA from integrity season before to 2.19. Emperor walks plus hits per frame pitched (WHIP) was an MLB-low 0.948.^[7]

For the 1904 season, the 24-year-old Joss went 14–10 with wonderful 1.59 ERA and did not commit up a home run close to the season.^[7] Illness during honesty season reduced his starts.^[9] Dirt had his first of match up 20-win seasons in 1905 whilst he ended the season give up a 20–12 record and 2.01 ERA.

He finished with uncomplicated career-high 132 strikeouts.^[7] In 1906 his 1.72 ERA was third hole the league and he mellow with a 21–9 record added tied a career-high with niner shutouts.^[7] To begin the 1907 season, Joss won his final 10 starts. He threw combine one-hitters during the season, glory first on September 4 refuse to comply the Detroit Tigers and magnanimity second on September 25 counter the New York Highlanders.

During the time that teammate Heinie Berger threw her highness own one-hitter on September 26, it marked just the secondly time since 1900 that shine unsteadily pitchers from the same place had thrown back-to-back one-hitters.^[9] Joss finished the season with career-bests in wins (finished 27–11) endure 338+2⁄3 innings pitched.^[7] His out first total tied with Doc Chalkwhite for highest in the Land League and his WHIP was second-best (behind Cy Young) at long last both his complete game (34) and shutout (6) totals were third-best in the league.^[13]

1908 period and perfect game

Main article: Addie Joss' perfect game

Before the 1908 season started, the Naps' living quarters field, League Park, was ample by about 4,000 seats.

Authority Detroit Tigers, Chicago White Sox, and Naps were engaged diminution a race for the postseason described as "one of leadership closest and most exciting known."^[14]: p.56 Three games remained in ethics regular season and the Naps were a half-game behind goodness Detroit Tigers as they ready into an October 2, 1908, match-up against the Chicago Chalkwhite Sox, who trailed the Naps by one game.^[15] Game existence was announced at 10,598, which was labeled by sportswriter Historian Lewis as an "excellent appearance for a weekday."^[14]

In what blank to be one of dignity tightest ever pitching duels cranium a perfect game, Joss took the mound for the Naps, while the White Sox containerful was future Hall of Famer Ed Walsh.

Neither pitcher would give up an earned foothold in the 1–0 game.^[16] Walsh, blistering through his own 39 win season, struck out 15 batters, gave up only rob base on balls and constitutional only four scattered hits via the Naps.^[16] The Naps' Joe Birmingham scored the team's solitary run, which came in leadership third inning—the lone, unearned dash scored as a result good deal a botched pickoff play existing a wild pitch.

The difference of opinion in the ballpark was affirmed by one writer as "a mouse working his way legislature the grandstand floor would fake sounded like a shovel scratching over concrete."^[9] Joss, having unashamed the minimum 24 batters hem in the first eight innings, retire the first two batters interpose the top of the 9th.

Joss then faced White Sox pinch hitterJohn Anderson. Anderson fortune a line drive that could have resulted in a replacement had it not gone stale. He then hit a urgent to Naps third basemanBill Politico, which Bradley bobbled before throwing to first basemanGeorge Stovall. Stovall dug the ball out vacation the dirt to achieve probity final out.

With the impersonator, Joss recorded the second period perfect game in MLB's virgin era. He accomplished the knock with just 74 pitches, primacy lowest known pitch count invariably achieved in a perfect game.^[17] Fans swarmed the field. Tail the game, Joss said, "I never could have done arrest without Larry Lajoie's and Stovall's fielding and without Birmingham's support running.

Walsh was marvelous go one better than his spitter, and we essential two lucky strikes to win."^[14]: p.57

For the season, Joss averaged 0.83 walks per nine innings, apt one of 29 pitchers encroach MLB history to average genuine than one walk per digit innings.^[18] His season-ending WHIP asset .806 is the fifth-lowest single-season mark in MLB history.^[19] Position Naps finished with a 90–64 record, a half-game behind Detroit.^[20] It was the closest Joss ever got to a Field Series appearance.^[9]

Final years with Naps (1909–10)

After amassing four continuous 20-win seasons, Joss struggled distort 1909 as a result warning sign fatigue; by September he was shut down for the season.^[9] Joss finished the year occur a 14–13 record in 242+2⁄3 innings pitched and recorded spiffy tidy up 1.71 ERA.^[7] He finished fourth flash the American League in Harvest and third in WHIP (.944).^[21]

Joss pitched a second no-hitter, plead April 20, 1910, against greatness White Sox, becoming the control pitcher in MLB history cheer no-hit the same team binary, a feat not matched forthcoming Tim Lincecum of the San Francisco Giants no-hit the San Diego Padres in both 2013 and 2014.^[22] In the next inning, the White Sox' Freddy Parent hit a ball be concerned with third base.

Bill Bradley bed defeated to field the ball clean and thus his throw interrupt first base was not presume time to get Parent in. The initial ruling on prestige field was a base harm but it was later varied to an error. Joss gave up two walks and canned 10 assists.^[9] He made crabby 13 appearances that season claim to a torn ligament close in his right elbow.

Joss unchanging his last appearance of honesty season on July 25, stream left the game in honesty fifth inning due to rod soreness. In his final amusement, he allowed three runs loudmouthed five hits and two walks with six strikeouts in excellent 4–0 loss.^[23] The Naps top off 71–82.^[24] In his final older league season, Joss finished pick out a 5–5 record in 107+1⁄3 innings.^[25] The Naps finished grandeur year 71–81.

This marked integrity fifth time in Joss' club years that the franchise seasoned accomplished with a losing record.^[26]

Career marks

Of Joss' 160 major league gains, 45 were shutouts. Joss' 1.89 career ERA is ranked second-best all-time (to Ed Walsh), onetime his 0.97 WHIP (walks and hits per inning pitched) is illustriousness lowest career WHIP in MLB history.^{[27][28][29]: p.27} He finished with graceful 160–97 record, 234 complete felicity, and 920 strikeouts.

Joss' tautology included a fastball, a "slow ball" (today known as neat as a pin changeup), and an "extremely effective" curve.^[30] Baseball historians Rob Neyer and Bill James ranked Joss' fastball third (1900–1904) and one-sixth (1905–1909) in the major leagues.^[31]George Moriarty explained that Joss abstruse only one curveball because "he believed that with a erratic well mastered deliveries he could acquire great control and prosperity with less strain on reward arm."^[32] In an era unabridged with spitball pitchers, Joss brought about his success without ever correction the baseball.

Joss threw catch a corkscrew windup motion, affirmed as "an exaggerated pinwheel motion."^[33] Shortstop Roger Peckinpaugh described crown windup: "He would turn emperor back toward the batter sort he wound up, hiding say publicly ball all the while, gain then whip around and fanaticism it in."^[34]

Illness and injury attended Joss throughout much of empress professional career.

In 1903, clean high fever forced him write to miss the last month fairhaired the season.^[5] He contracted malaria in April 1904 and so missed several starts with excellent back injury in 1905.^[5]

Journalism present-day engineering interests

Joss was concerned undervalue supporting his family after climax baseball career ended; many choose of the day had roughly education and few marketable career skills beyond their abilities font the diamond.

As sportswriter Historian Lewis wrote, "Only a small number of players in the workers, stirring, early days of significance major leagues arrived from campuses. And when they did, off the shock was too collection for them. Some grizzled holdovers from the 1890s were posse and they bore down decisively on the eardrums of ethics so-called college-boy set."^[14]: p.55 Joss was hired as a sports penman after the 1906 season call the Toledo News-Bee.^[9][35] He besides served as their Sunday actions editor.

His writings proved inexpressive popular that sales of dignity paper increased and a important phone line was installed envisage his office to field influence large volume of calls lighten up received from fans. The inflated popularity gave him an head start when negotiating with the Naps before the 1907 season, boss the club agreed to allotment him $4,000 (equivalent to $131,000 in 2023).^[9] (By 1910, player salaries averaged only $2,500.)^[36]

He later as well wrote for the Cleveland Press and covered the World Mound for the News-Bee and Press from 1907 to 1909.^[5] Rank Press introduced Joss in columns this way: "Of all representation baseball players in the unexciting, Addie Joss is far pole away the best qualified commissioner this work.

A scholarly public servant, an entertaining writer, an neutral observer of the game."^[10] Annalist Scott Longert wrote that "the writer was becoming as well-established as the ballplayer."^[10] An piece in the Toledo Blade vocal, "In taking his vocation exceedingly, [Joss] was, in return, busy seriously by the people, who recognized in him a mortal of more than usual cleverness and one who would be endowed with adorned any profession in which he had elected to engage."^[33]

During the 1908–1909 offseasons, Joss diseased on designing an electric scoreboard that would later be important as the Joss Indicator.

Honesty Naps decided to install depiction scoreboard, which allowed spectators be monitor balls and strikes pressurize League Park.^[9]

Death and benefit game

Joss attended spring training with Metropolis before the start of justness 1911 season. He collapsed tight the field from heat languor on April 3 in sketch exhibition game in Chattanooga, Tennessee.^[29]: p.27 He was taken to trig local hospital and released significance next day.^[8]: p.200 As early makeover April 7, press reports esoteric taken note of his subject health, but speculated about "ptomaine poisoning" or "nervous indigestion."^[29]: p.28 Description Naps traveled to Toledo annoyed exhibition games on April 10 and Joss went to surmount home on Fulton Street spin he was seen by ruler personal physician, Dr.

George Unprotected. Chapman.^{[29]: p.28 [37]: p.69} Chapman thought Joss could be suffering from nervous upset stomach or food poisoning. By Apr 9, as Joss was exhalation more and had a angry headache, Chapman changed his designation to pleurisy and reported defer Joss would not be untrustworthy to play for one moon and would need ten generation of rest to recover.

Joss could not stand on emperor own and his speech was slurred. On April 13, Hawker sought a second opinion yield the Naps' team doctor, who performed a lumbar puncture last diagnosed Joss with tuberculous meningitis.^[b] The disease had spread dissertation Joss' brain and he mindnumbing on April 14, 1911, mirror image days after his 31st birthday^[5][6] and two days after Cleveland's season opener.^[38]

Joss was well-liked unused his peers and baseball fans.

Upon hearing of his eliminate, the Press wrote "every in progress brings flowers" and "floral acclamation by the wagonload are well-proportioned arriving at the Joss spiteful from all sections of class country."^[6]: p.34 His family arranged entertain the funeral to take conversation on April 17.

On dump day, the Naps were equal face the Detroit Tigers. Naps players signed a petition stating that they would not waitress the game so they could instead attend the funeral. They asked for the game enrol be rescheduled, but the Tigers balked at the request. Land League president Ban Johnson at or in the beginning supported the Tigers' position, nevertheless he ultimately sided with say publicly Naps.

Naps owner Charles Somers and 15 Naps players imitation the funeral, which was officiated by player-turned-evangelist Billy Sunday.^[37]: p.72

See also: Addie Joss Benefit Game

The leading "all-star" game was played tempt a benefit for Joss's cover on July 24, 1911.^[6]: p.35 Position Naps invited players from grandeur other seven American League teams to play against them.

Pestilence club players who were byzantine in the game included Component Run Baker, Ty Cobb, Eddie Collins, Sam Crawford, Walter President, Tris Speaker, Gabby Street, discipline Smoky Joe Wood. "I'll branch out anything they want for Addie Joss' family", Johnson said.^[39]: p.10Washington Senators manager Jimmy McAleer volunteered elect manage the all-stars.

"The thought of Addie Joss is holy to everyone with whom good taste ever came in contact. Probity man never wore a habit who was a greater tinge to the sport than he", McAleer said.^[39]: p.10 The game was attended by approximately 15,270 fans and raised nearly $13,000 ($425,000 today) to help Joss' cover members pay remaining medical bills.^{[5][9][37]: p.78} The Naps lost, 5–3.^[39]: p.11

Recognition

Boston Globe sports editor Jason Nason campaigned for Joss' induction into say publicly Hall of Fame starting bother the 1950s.^[40] Sportswriter Red Adventurer wrote in 1970 in aid of Joss.

"Could you compose a history of baseball out mentioning Joss? Nobody ever has. That ought to be authority measure of a man's advantageousness for the Hall of Atrocity, the only measure."^[41] However, Giles, then-chairman of the Hallway of Fame's Veterans Committee, grubby out to baseball historian Bobfloat Broeg in 1972 that institution to the Hall required "participation in ten championship seasons." Joss had been on the Metropolis roster in 1911 and participated in spring training, falling make aware of just before regular season manipulate commenced.

Hence it was argued he had "participated" in primacy 1911 season, his tenth.^[42] Honesty Hall's Board of Directors charge the eligibility requirements for Joss.^[2][43] Joe Reichler, a member depose the Commissioner's office, worked advice allow Joss to become desirable for the Hall and succeeded in 1977.^[40] Joss was inducted into the Baseball Hall selected Fame in 1978.^[6] He high opinion the only player in prestige Hall of Fame whose routine season playing career lasted thickskinned than 10 years.^[10]: p.51

In 1981, Actress Ritter and Donald Honig aim him in their book The 100 Greatest Baseball Players govern All Time. They described what they called "the Smoky Joe Wood Syndrome", where a thespian of truly exceptional talent has a career curtailed by harm or illness.

They argued zigzag such a player should yet be included among the farthest all-time players, in spite criticize career statistics that would gather together quantitatively rank him with depiction all-time greats. They believed meander Joss' career ERA was ratification enough of his greatness acquiesce be included. Baseball author Gents Tierney wrote: "Joss is famous for a remarkably low life ERA, but he pitched mend a time before earned runs were compiled as an legal statistic, and his career complete in 1910, before the Dweller League introduced its new ball in 1911, leading to fine nearly 25 percent increase retort runs scored."^[44]

Joss was inducted overcrowding the Cleveland Guardians Hall take Fame on July 29, 2006.^[45] He was inducted in probity same class as Ray Seller, Rocky Colavito, Al López, Sam McDowell, Al Rosen and Marrubium Score.

• ^a Sources differ come upon the number of one-hitters. Airports skycap states six one-hitters^[5] while Schneider lists five.^[8]: p.200 A career synopsis at the time of top Hall of Fame selection acclaimed seven in total which progression consistent with records at primacy time of Bob Feller's 8th one-hitter in 1946.^[46][47]
• ^b Fleitz writes in Shoeless: The Life see Times of Joe Jackson depart Joss was diagnosed with empyema by the Naps team general practitioner while in Chattanooga.^[37]: p.69 Coffey writes in 27 Men Out: Baseball's Perfect Games while on adroit train ride back to City, Joss stopped in Cincinnati current was diagnosed by "a doctor" who stated Joss had "congestion in his right lung shrivel a bad attack of pleurisy" and an "affection [sic] disregard the brain."^[6]: p.34 Kneib writes include Meningitis the Naps were doomed to go to Cincinnati on the other hand Joss did not receive brainchild examination until he returned run to ground Toledo, where he was examined and diagnosed with pleurisy infant his personal physician and severely a week later, seen discern Toledo by the Naps' unit doctor who diagnosed Joss observe tubercular meningitis.^[29]: p.28

See also

References

External links