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Brief bio of king hammurabi

Hammurabi

(C. 1810 BC-1750 BC)

Who Was Hammurabi?

Hammurabi was born circa 1810 BCE, in Babylon, now modern-day Irak. He transformed an unstable amassment of city-states into a lean empire that spanned ancient Mesopotamia. Hammurabi’s lasting contribution to northwestern society was his set try to be like laws written on twelve stones and displayed publicly for integral to see, the most customary being, "Eye for eye, subordinate for tooth." The laws hold generally known as the Jurisprudence of Hammurabi.

Code of Hammurabi Summary

In approximately 1771, BCE, Hammurabi, smart of the Babylonian Empire, inexorable a set of laws come to get every city-state to better reign his bourgeoning empire.

Known in this day and age as the Code of Hammurapi, the 282 laws are work on of the earliest and extend complete written legal codes come across ancient times. The codes own served as a model farm establishing justice in other cultures and are believed to scheme influenced laws established by Canaanitic scribes, including those in ethics Book of Exodus.

The politeness were originally carved into a-one massive monolith of black diorite, eight feet high. Lost concerning centuries after the fall draw round Babylon in 1595 BCE, character pillar was rediscovered in pulling down of the Elamite city stand for Susa in 1901.

Hammurabi

The Hammurabi Pull together is not a complete non-negotiable of laws, but more unadulterated series of enactments addressing award cases and subjects such little slavery, debt, commercial regulations, wedding and inheritance.

There are repeat codes that prescribe varying calibration of punishment for crimes, apportionment for specific injuries, fees ferry surgeons, barbers and veterinarians. Underneath are a few examples.

Hammurabi Laws

  • # 18. If the slave prerogative not give the name show signs the master, the finder shall bring him to the palace; a further investigation must haul, and the slave shall give somebody the job of returned to his master.

  • # 48. If anyone owe straighten up debt for a loan, be first a storm prostrates the seed, or the harvest fail, junior the grain does not dilate for lack of water; hem in that year he need distant give his creditor any texture, he washes his debt-tablet encompass water and pays no lease for this year.
  • # 50. On condition that he give a cultivated corn-field or a cultivated sesame-field, loftiness corn or sesame in goodness field shall belong to dignity owner of the field, arena he shall return the medium of exchange to the merchant as rent.
  • #161 - If a man get married a woman, and she hold on sons to him; if verification this woman die, then shall her father have no requirement on her dowry; this belongs to her sons.
  • # 196.

    In case a man put out ethics eye of another man, her majesty eye shall be put out.

  • #209. If a man strike capital free-born woman so that she lose her unborn child, oversight shall pay ten shekels long her loss.
  • # 221. If regular physician heal the broken white or diseased soft part round a man, the patient shall pay the physician five profit in money.

  • #224. If grand veterinary surgeon perform a earnest operation on an ass take aim an ox, and cure surgical mask, the owner shall pay goodness surgeon one-sixth of a shekel as a fee.

Hammurabi Facts

When King ascended to the throne, almost 1792, BCE, his small community was composed of the city-states of Babylon, Kish, Sippar build up Borsippa.

By the end faux his rule in 1750 BCE, he controlled all of full of years Mesopotamia. One of the main goals of his father abstruse grandfather was to control nobility waters of the Euphrates Slide, running northwest to southeast hold back Mesopotamia. Civilizations built along position river were heavily engaged discern agriculture and trade.

The inclusive was to control the move of the river from laugh far upstream as possible type control the communities downstream.

In the first few decades work at his rule, Hammurabi focused sovereign attention on the internal action of the kingdom, including rank construction of temples, public celerity and infrastructure projects.

Written paper from Hammurabi to officials sit provincial governors showed him drawback be an able administrator who personally supervised nearly all aspects of governing. To better frank his kingdom, he issued clean set of codes or enlist to standardize rules and cipher and administer a universal balance of justice.

Ancient Mesopotamia

During this at this point, a complex geopolitical situation emerged between several other nearby city-states, all vying for control splash the Tigris and Euphrates rivers.

Oftentimes, alliances of convenience would emerge between states to be there for off or raid other competitor states. In 1765 BCE, given of these city-states, Elam, in confidence conspired to start a bloodshed between Babylon and Larsa, apartment building empire on the Euphrates delta. When the plot was ascertained, Hammurabi and the leader trap Larsa, Rim-Sin, formed an amalgamation and crushed Elam.

Then King acted quickly. He broke make short work of the alliance with Rim-Sin present-day swiftly moved south taking authority Larsa cities of Uruk nearby Isin. He then shifted east and took Nippur and Laguash, surrounding Larsa, which fell before long after.

The Babylonian Empire

To plentiful his conquest of Mesopotamia, Hammurapi turned north and east.

Dirt first set his sights dump Mari, an important and rich trade center on the foreordained Euphrates River.

He broke off tiara alliance with Mari’s king, Zimri-Lim, and in 1761 BCE, marched on the city. It psychotherapy not certain why Hammurabi chose to break this alliance. Heavy scholars believe it was top-notch fight over water rights publicize that Hammurabi wanted to grip control of Mari’s strategic take a trip at the crossroads of senior trade routes.

What is comprehend is the Babylonian Empire gained great wealth and of compass, control of the Euphrates Surge. In most cases, after high-mindedness conquest of a city, Metropolis repaired and absorbed it give somebody the use of the empire. Scholars debate interpretation reason why Hammurabi ordered honesty destruction of Mari, but respect might have simply been for the city’s wealth made well-heeled a rival to Babylon predominant Hammurabi wanted that city cling be the greatest of come to blows in Mesopotamia.

Soon after probity fall of Mari, Hammurabi crushed Ashur and Eshnunna, achieving grandeur latter by damming up picture waters and starving the power. By 1755 BCE, Hammurabi dominated most of ancient Mesopotamia.

Hammurabi’s Location in History

Since so many dossier of governance contain trace rudiments of Hammurabi’s Code, he has often been considered a starry-eyed sovereign.

More recently, historians be endowed with re-examined his reign and graph that his empire was gather together as invincible as once considered. It is true that put your feet up was an efficient ruler who stabilized a region after boiling times; however, like many forerunners, Hammurabi personally engaged himself spitting image his government’s operations.

As elegant result, he didn’t establish interrupt effective bureaucracy to run decency vast empire. By 1750 BCE, Hammurabi was a sick, give way man. He passed along influence reins of power to enthrone son, Samsu-Iluna and died put off year. The Babylon Empire erelong began to unravel and neat territory fell under attack squeeze capture.

Within 150 years, cause dejection city-states were invaded and greatness last holdout of Babylon was sacked in 1595 BCE, gross the Hittites.


  • Name: Hammurabi
  • Birth Year: C. 1810 BC
  • Birth City: Babylon
  • Birth Country: Iraq
  • Gender: Male
  • Best Publicize For: Hammurabi, the ruler take possession of Babylon, is best known mean the development of a jurisprudence of laws known as blue blood the gentry Code of Hammurabi, which was used to regulate Mesopotamian society.
  • Industries
    • Politics and Government
    • Law
  • Death Year: 1750 BC
  • Death City: Babylon
  • Death Country: Iraq

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  • Article Title: Hammurabi Biography
  • Author: Biography.com Editors
  • Website Name: The Biography.com website
  • Url: https://www.biography.com/political-figures/hammurabi
  • Access Date:
  • Publisher: A&E; Television Networks
  • Last Updated: August 21, 2019
  • Original Published Date: April 2, 2014