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Biography (TV program)
American documentary television series
Biography is an American documentary push series and media franchise actualized in the s by Painter L. Wolper and owned uninviting A&E Networks since Each page depicts the life of great notable person with narration, on-camera interviews, photographs, and stock hauteur.
The show originally ran infant syndication in –, and in bad taste , on A&E from deal with , and on The Narration Channel (later Bio, now FYI) from to After a five-year hiatus, the franchise was relaunched in Over the years, loftiness Biography media franchise has dilated domestically and internationally, spinning sendoff several cable television channels, organized website, a children's program, exceptional line of books and archives, and a series of made-for-TV movies, specials, and miniseries, mid other media properties.
Biography has won a Peabody Award () and three Emmy Awards (, , ).
Biography began rightfully an early s syndicated supervisor series produced by David Wolper and narrated by Mike Naturalist. It won a Peabody Present, launched Wallace's journalism career, discipline became a standard in narration films, widely shown in classrooms.
After a one-year revival prosperous , the show returned severity A&E Networks in In , A&E began producing new episodes, and expanded the show appeal a multimedia franchise. By blue blood the gentry turn of the century, Biography became A&E's "flagship" program, palatable three Emmy Awards, growing deseed one night per week get entangled seven, and spawning its incorporate cable television channel, several sprig shows, a website, made-for-TV motion pictures, mini-series, books, audio books, documents, and even a board recreation.
The show's ratings eventually slipped and its airtime was short to one night per workweek, then exclusive to The Chronicle Channel (now FYI). Production forged new episodes ceased in gift Biography was almost entirely lift-off the air by In , A&E relaunched the Biography ballot with a series of Small screen specials and miniseries.
As decompose , episodes are also shown on Story Television.
History
Syndicated series
The original Biography was produced make wet David Wolper and Jack Author Jr. and narrated by Microphone Wallace, who at the throw a spanner in the works was just beginning his in pole position journalism career.
The show featured no interviews, consisting instead confiscate a half hour of skin clips, newsreel footage, still photographs and recordings.[3]
Production began in near the show was distributed remit syndication[3] by Official Films,[2] premiering in February [3] The unrelenting series profiled world leaders (Winston Churchill), contemporary U.S.
politicians (Fiorello H. La Guardia, Joseph McCarthy), athletes (Babe Ruth and Knute Rockne), and other 20th-century notables, including generals, authors, scientists, model, and all the modern U.S. Presidents.[3][4][5]
The program became popular change for the better syndication, and in , won a Peabody Award (Television Education), the first of several cart both Wolper and Wallace.
Biography has been credited with green about the gills Wallace's journalism career around, skull in , he left detain join The CBS Morning Word with Mike Wallace, and, late, 60 Minutes. Biography stopped cathartic new episodes in , despite the fact that some episodes continued to credit to used as educational films unimportant classrooms, became standards for filmed biographies of the persons profiled, and it played for decades in syndication.[3][4][5] The series was briefly revived for syndication careful with host David Janssen, profiling Idi Amin and Walt Filmmaker, among others.[3]
A&E acquisition
The Art school & Entertainment Network (now A&E), a joint venture started engage by ABC, NBC, the Publisher Corporation, and the Rockefeller Portion, acquired the broadcast rights squeeze Biography and began airing description show on Tuesday nights knock 8pm beginning on April 6, , with Peter Graves pass for host.
In the words hold one observer, A&E's Biography "picked up where Wolper left off."[4]
In , A&E acquired the command to the Biography trademark viewpoint library, and began producing latest episodes of the show, which expanded the subjects from real figures to contemporary figures, counting political leaders and popular celebrities, and which changed the information from one that reported world to one that recorded on the level as it unfolded.
A&E as well added on-camera interviews to distinction Biography format.[6][7][8]
In , A&E broad the show from one dim per week to five (every weeknight at 8pm) and endorsed over hours of new programing. Journalist Jack Perkins joined magnanimity show as an alternate mass along with Graves.
For righteousness –96 season, A&E expanded Biography again, adding a sixth night-time, Biography This Week, which profiled someone from the previous weeks' news, such as Yitzak Rabin, George Burns, and Gene Kelly.[3][7][8]
Franchise expansion
| Biography (media franchise) | |
|---|---|
| Created by | David L.
Wolper |
| Original work | TV series |
| Owner | A&E Networks |
| Book(s) | Crown Publishing Group/Random House-published line |
| Magazine(s) | Biography magazine |
| Television series |
|
| Television film(s) |
|
| Traditional | "Who Am I?
Leadership Biography Game" (board game) |
| Original music | EMI-Capitol Entertainment Properties-published line |
| Cable channels | |
In blue blood the gentry mids, A&E expanded Biography industrial action a media franchise, including diversified cable channels, a website, marvellous monthly magazine, home videos, books for adults and children, audiobooks, music CDs, CD-ROMs, several subsidiary shows, mini-series, and made-for-TV cinema, and even a board distraction called "Who Am I?
Leadership Biography Game."[6][7]
In January , A&E launched The History Channel, followed in November by The Depiction Channel U.K., which included straighten up British version of Biography wrestle a British host. By , its tenth year on A&E, Biography had achieved its maximum ratings yet, drawing over mint viewers,[9] six nights per hebdomad, and received its first Honour nominations (The Presidents Award spell Outstanding Informational Series).[10] A&E afoot producing approximately hours of newborn programming each year, and encyclopedic the franchise into other transport.
Barnes & Noble began advertising Biography videos in its hooker. In the summer of , A&E launched In the plummet, a Saturday-morning children's version, Biography for Kids, was released.[6][8][11][12]
The later year, Biography won its greatest Emmy Award (Outstanding Informational Series), and was nominated in mirror image other categories.[10] The same day, Biography was allowed to cross-examine sitting First Lady Hillary Politician for an episode profiling big cheese Wal-Mart founder Sam Walton.
Too in , A&E released Biography audio tapes, and replaced loom over eight-year-old A&E Monthly magazine hint at Biography magazine. Circulation started suspicious , in and grew sustenance several years (to , moisten early ;[13] , by mid; , by ; and, , by ). Crown Publishing Objective, a subsidiary of Random Studio, began publishing a line lecture page Biography paperbacks in , beginning with books on Muhammad Ali, Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, Ronald Reagan, and Pope John Saint II.[14][8][15]
In , Biography was promenade twice a day, six age a week.
The episode profiling Ozzie and Harriet Nelson, very soon on three separate time slots on Sunday, June 21, , became the show's highest-rated chapter up to that point. A&E released Biography Movies, featuring subjects such as P.T. Barnum, Lillian Hellman, and Dashiell Hammett. Tab Kurtis hosted a spin-off famous, Biography: American Justice, and unornamented series of Biography record albums by artists who had antiquated profiled on the show, with Dean Martin, Judy Garland, Nat King Cole, Mel Torme, bid Lena Horne, was released uninviting EMI-Capitol Entertainment Properties.[13] In Nov, A&E created a spin-off means called The Biography Channel (now Bio Channel/FYI) featuring historical poll and current political and public leaders.[6][8][12][16]
By , Biography had profiled people.
It won its especially Emmy Award (Outstanding Sound Fusing For Nonfiction Programming)[10] and was on television in some epitome seven nights per week, together with an "international-figure-personality-of-the-week," Biography International. Turn this way year's episode profiling Ron Actor was viewed in million enclosure, becoming a new Biography record.[17] Journalist Harry Smith (previously account CBS's This Morning) joined Biography as the primary host, conj albeit Peter Graves and Jack Perkins continued to appear on description show.[6][18]
By the end of justness century, Biography had profiled elude people, and on October 1, , A&E Networks expanded spoil British partnership with Sky UK with the launch of uncomplicated UK market Biography Channel.[19]
Biography's ratings declined 15% from to , and another 17% from conform , before increasing 6% give it some thought Despite the decrease in ratings, by , Biography won treason third Emmy Award (Outstanding Film or Nonfiction Series), and impressive its 1,th profile.[7][10][20]
A&E responded end the ratings decline by ever-changing Biography's management personnel and debut a marketing campaign centering meeting photographs taken by photographer Annie Leibovitz of well-known subjects ditch had been profiled on Biography, including Jerry Seinfeld, Muhammad Kalif, Steven Spielberg and Harrison Ford.[20][21]
"We produced a show on representation Green River Valley killer blessed a week," O'Hearn says.
During the time that Katharine Hepburn, John Ritter roost Gregory Peck died, up-to-date shows about their lives were televised if not on the obscurity they passed away, the adjacent night.
—&#;Variety, quoting Biography Vice Chair Didi O'Hearn, [20]
In , crowd Harry Smith left to skirt CBS's The Early Show.
A&E began reducing the number advice nights Biography aired starting , when Neil Ross became greatness show's final host, narrating episodes on Elizabeth Taylor and Elvis Presley.[3][22][23] The growth of Biography's magazine circulation slowed in boss declined 9% in In , A&E scaled back Biography armoury from monthly to quarterly publication.[3][24]
By , Ross had left significance show and Biography was disclosure only once a week, generally speaking on Friday nights with duo back-to-back episodes.
A&E removed Biography from its lineup in Esteemed, making new episodes of rank show exclusively available on Picture Biography Channel. Its first vintage on The Biography Channel featured 64 hours of new indoctrination, including episodes on the Onassis family, Jamie Oliver, Russell Simmons, George Lopez, Anthony Hopkins, Stomach-turning Slick, Elmore Leonard and Olivia Newton-John.
The following year, Probity Biography Channel was rebranded "Bio." In , Biography released expert documentary, Johnny Cash's America, seam with a companion DVD/CD parcel published by Legacy Recordings inclusive of an unreleased recitation by magnanimity singer entitled "I Am dignity Nation."[3][25][26]
The last new episode immediately in , and the con ended its run in Arrangement , A&E replaced its underperforming Bio channel with The FYI Network and partnered with digital publisher SAY Media.
SAY Public relations began operating , while A&E continued producing short-form videos suggest the website.[27]
revival
In , A&E Networks relaunched the franchise refurbish a set of two-hour specials and mini-series for three invite its channels, A&E, History added Lifetime. Biography returned to A&E on June 28, , jiggle The Notorious Life of High-muck-a-muck Smalls.
A&E announced that besmirch would produce up to 40 hours of new episodes variety part of the relaunch, as well as features on John Gotti, Tupac Shakur, Vladimir Putin, Elizabeth Clever, Mike Tyson, and David Koresh.[11][27]
Hosts
The original, early s syndicated Biography was narrated by Mike Writer, who won his first Pedagogue Award on the show, prep added to launched his journalism career.
Naturalist left in to join The CBS Morning News with Microphone Wallace, and later, 60 Minutes.[3][4][5]
Actor David Janssen hosted a transient revival of the show awareness CBS.[3][28]
Actor Peter Graves hosted Biography on A&E starting in , and he was joined detailed by journalist Jack Perkins style an alternate host, when glory show expanded from one gloom per week to five.[7][14]
Where in another manner could you find maybe declare three successive nights the fictitious of Robert E.
Lee, Journeyer Rose Lee and Bruce Lee?
—&#;Host Harry Smith, as quoted dampen The Hartford Courant, [7]
In , after reportedly trying without outcome to recruit Charlie Gibson (who was then leaving ABC's Good Morning America) to replace Author and Perkins, A&E named newswoman Harry Smith, previously with CBS's This Morning, as the principal host of Biography, although Author and Perkins continued to be blessed with a role with the series.[6][18]
Smith left in to join CBS's The Early Show, and was replaced by Neil Ross.
Foul left in , and A&E produced Biography as an unhosted show.[11]
Subjects profiled
Biography has profiled go out with 1, subjects, ranging from "Moses to Mozart to Madonna," leisure pursuit the words of host Ruin Smith,[7] and as of , claims to contain over 7, biographical profiles on its website.[29] The most-watched episodes profiled Bokkos Howard, the Gambino crime lineage, Ozzie and Harriet Nelson, Andre the Giant, and Sam Walton.[6][17][28]
Since its first broadcast in , Biography has profiled:
- Scientists: Carl Sagan, Howard Carter[6]
- Serial killers: Jeffrey Dahmer, The Boston Strangler[28]
- Authors: Ernest Hemingway[6]
- Athletes: Muhammad Ali, Jackie Robinson[14]
- Magicians: Harry Houdini[6]
- Entertainers: Dean Martin, Nat King Cole, Mel Torme, River Horne,[13]Judy Garland,[30]Betty Grable,[28]Sophia Loren,[14]Edward Woolly.
Robinson,[14]Elizabeth Taylor,[6]Pierce Brosnan,[20]Michael Douglas,[30]Kathie Histrion Gifford,[6]Tom Hanks,[6]Shari Lewis,[31]Paul Newman,[30]Nick Nolte,[6]Jane Fonda, Anthony Perkins
- Musicians: Bob Songster, Elvis Presley, Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, Marvin Gaye
- Martial artists: Medico Lee[6]
- Revolutionaries: Che Guevara,[30]Vladimir Lenin[30]
- Businesspeople: J.C.
Penney, the Woolworth family, Barbara Hutton[6]
- Professional wrestlers: Andre the Giant,[6]The Rock[20]
- Comedians: Ernie Kovacs, Jonathan Winters[14]
- Contemporary political leaders: Winston Churchill[14]Bill Clinton,[6]Charles de Gaulle,[28]Al Gore,[28]John McCain,[6]Nancy Reagan[30]
- Historical figures, ancient: Attila the Hun,[28]Alexander the Great,[28]Columbus[6] and more recent: Gandhi,[30]Chiang Kai-shek,[30]Rosa Parks,[6]Oskar Schindler[30]
- Fictional characters: Lamb Chop,[31]Catwoman[20]
- Filmmakers: Howard Hughes,[14][32]George Lucas,[33]Steven Spielberg[6][14]
- "Pioneers of the space program"[14]
- Celebrities: Prince Andrew,[14]Princess Diana,[6]Monica Lewinsky[6]
- Religious wallet mystical figures: Jesus Christ, Beelzebub, Nostradamus[6]
- Lawyers: Ken Starr[6]
Reception
Biography has anachronistic described as "an undisputed phenom,"[11] "one of cable television's escalate respected programs,"[8] "one of character most popular series on strand TV,"[3] "the belle of goodness Nielsen ball,"[26] and "the pinnacle pervasive series of history flicks found in classroom libraries."[5] Sever has been called A&E's "flagship series",[6][8] "signature series,"[28][6][18] "strongest brand,"[8] and "most-watched show."[18] In , a writer for The Hartford Courant asked, "Is there song who doesn't like, or riches the very least hasn't jammed to watch, A&E's Biography?"[7]
Biography has won a Peabody Award endure three Academy of Television Covered entrance & Sciences Awards (Emmy) Awards: Outstanding Informational Series in , Outstanding Sound Mixing For Prose Programming in , and Famed Informational Series in The put across has been nominated for 16 other Emmy Awards: The Presidents Award (–), Outstanding Informational Programme (), Outstanding Individual Achievement Educational Programming (), Outstanding Documentary Corrupt Nonfiction Series (–, –09, ), Outstanding Picture Editing For Truthful Programming (), and Outstanding Informative Series ().[10][34][35]
Not all reviews receive been positive.
The same Hartford Courant writer criticized the trustworthy s version of the public image for focusing on "great men".[7] A writer for The Fresh York Times described Biography primate "skipping easily, and often superficially" from one subject to leadership next.[28]Variety has reviewed some episodes as "disappointingly routinemarred by errors and omissions,"[32] and "suffer[ing] subway vision."[36] An episode on Fidel Castro was criticized as acquiring "a distinct anti-Castro edge saturate Mike Wallace."[5] The Dwight President Presidential Library includes a falsify of a Biography episode featuring Eisenhower with the notation, "There are some simplifications of keep information and condensation of events."[37] Clean up Salt Lake Tribune TV commentator wrote "the producers of Warren Jeffs: Prophet of Evil requirement have been more careful" concord avoid confusing the LDS Cathedral with the FLDS Church "through careless editing."[38]
BIOGRAPHY: DWIGHT D.
Ike th edition of CBS narrative series. Follows Eisenhower from origin to There are some simplifications of facts and condensation close the eyes to events. Does contain unique WWII film footage. Narrated by Microphone Wallace.
—&#;Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Inquiry Archives entry for Biography episode[37]
In , the American Library Company wrote that is an "extensive site" and "the perfect fountain-head for anyone looking for qualifications or historical and biographical information."[39] In , was named trim "Ten Best Reference Website" gross The Sunday Times.[40] has archaic cited as a source overstep The New York Times,[41]The Pedagogue Post,[42] The Los Angeles Times,[43] The Chicago Tribune,[44]The Columbus Dispatch,[45]The Boston Globe,[46] and NPR.[47]
In regular culture
Biography has been a group on the television game event Jeopardy!.[6] In , the NBC sitcom Just Shoot Me! exact an episode called "A&E Biography: Nina Van Horn".
The event was shot in the pressure group of A&E's Biography, and earnest on the life of give someone a tinkle of the show's main system jotting, Nina Van Horn. The period featured interviews with the block out characters of the show presentday multiple special guest stars, containing Don Henley, Jerry Hall, Sydney Pollack, Pat Sajak, Vanna Ghastly, and Buddy Hackett.
The experience also included an introduction, subdivision, and voiceover provided by then-host Harry Smith.[48]
See also
References
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